http://www.recitequran.com/en/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/45:1
﴿ حمٓ • تَنزِيلُ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبِ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلۡحَكِيمِ • إِنَّ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ لَأَيَـٰتٍ۬ لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ • وَفِى خَلۡقِكُمۡ وَمَا يَبُثُّ مِن دَآبَّةٍ ءَايَـٰتٌ۬ لِّقَوۡمٍ۬ يُوقِنُونَ • وَٱخۡتِلَـٰفِ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّہَارِ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مِن رِّزۡقٍ۬ فَأَحۡيَا بِهِ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِہَا وَتَصۡرِيفِ ٱلرِّيَـٰحِ ءَايَـٰتٌ۬ لِّقَوۡمٍ۬ يَعۡقِلُونَ ﴾
﴿ تِلۡكَ ءَايَـٰتُ ٱللَّهِ نَتۡلُوهَا عَلَيۡكَ بِٱلۡحَقِّۖ فَبِأَىِّ حَدِيثِۭ بَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ وَءَايَـٰتِهِۦ يُؤۡمِنُونَ • وَيۡلٌ۬ لِّكُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ۬ •يَسۡمَعُ ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِ ثُمَّ يُصِرُّ مُسۡتَكۡبِرً۬ا كَأَن لَّمۡ يَسۡمَعۡهَاۖ فَبَشِّرۡهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ۬ • وَإِذَا عَلِمَ مِنۡ ءَايَـٰتِنَا شَيۡـًٔا ٱتَّخَذَهَا هُزُوًاۚ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ۬ مُّهِينٌ۬ • مِّن وَرَآٮِٕهِمۡ جَهَنَّمُۖ وَلَا يُغۡنِى عَنۡہُم مَّا كَسَبُواْ شَيۡـًٔ۬ا وَلَا مَا ٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَوۡلِيَآءَۖ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ • هَـٰذَا هُدً۬ىۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ رَبِّہِمۡ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ۬ مِّن رِّجۡزٍ أَلِيمٌ ﴾
﴿ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡبَحۡرَ لِتَجۡرِىَ ٱلۡفُلۡكُ فِيهِ بِأَمۡرِهِۦ وَلِتَبۡتَغُواْ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦ وَلَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ •وَسَخَّرَ لَكُم مَّا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ جَمِيعً۬ا مِّنۡهُۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٲلِكَ لَأَيَـٰتٍ۬ لِّقَوۡمٍ۬ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ • قُل لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ يَغۡفِرُواْ لِلَّذِينَ لَا يَرۡجُونَ أَيَّامَ ٱللَّهِ لِيَجۡزِىَ قَوۡمَۢا بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ • مَنۡ عَمِلَ صَـٰلِحً۬ا فَلِنَفۡسِهِۦۖ وَمَنۡ أَسَآءَ فَعَلَيۡہَاۖ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمۡ تُرۡجَعُونَ ﴾
45
AL-JATHIYAH
THE CROUCHING
Verse
1
Page 499
WHICH WAS REVEALED IN MAKKAH
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
(1. Ha Mim.) (2. The revelation of the Book is from Allah, the Almighty, the All-Wise.) (3. Verily, in the heavens and the earth are signs for the believers.) (4. And in your creation, and what He spread (through the earth) of moving creatures are signs for people who have faith with certainty.) (5. And in the alternation of night and day, and the provision that Allah sends down from the sky, and revives therewith the earth after its death, and in the turning about of the winds, are signs for a people who understand.)
A DIRECTIVE TO CONTEMPLATE OVER ALLAH'S AYAT
Allah directs His servants to contemplate His favors and gifts, as well as His great power that is demonstrated by His creating the heavens and the earth and the various types and categories of creatures in them. There are the angels, Jinns, humans, animals, birds, beasts, carnivores, insects and various kinds of sea creatures. The night and day alternate, each follows the other in succession, never ceasing to come, as decreed. One brings darkness and one brings light. Allah the Exalted also sends down the rain from the clouds when it is most needed. He is calling the rain, `provision', because it is the resource that produces various provisions,
﴿ فَأَحۡيَا بِهِ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِہَا ﴾
(and revives therewith the earth after its death,) after it was dry and had no vegetation or life of any kind. Allah said next,
﴿ وَتَصۡرِيفِ ٱلرِّيَـٰحِ ﴾
(and in the turning about of the winds,) sometimes towards the south and sometimes towards the north. Some are easterly winds and some are westerly winds, some bringing sea breezes and some blow from the land, some coming at night and some by day. Some winds bring rain, some cause pollination and some winds just revive the soul, while some others bear no benefit. Allah said first.
﴿ لَأَيَـٰتٍ۬ لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ﴾
(are signs for the believers), then
﴿ يُوقِنُونَ ﴾
(who have faith with certainty), then
﴿ يَعۡقِلُونَ ﴾
(who understand), thus ascending from one honorable stage to what is more honorable and higher in grade. These Ayat are similar to an Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah
﴿ إِنَّ فِى خَلۡقِ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱخۡتِلَـٰفِ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ وَٱلۡفُلۡكِ ٱلَّتِى تَجۡرِى فِى ٱلۡبَحۡرِ بِمَا يَنفَعُ ٱلنَّاسَ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مِن مَّآءٍ۬ فَأَحۡيَا بِهِ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِہَا وَبَثَّ فِيہَا مِن ڪُلِّ دَآبَّةٍ۬ وَتَصۡرِيفِ ٱلرِّيَـٰحِ وَٱلسَّحَابِ ٱلۡمُسَخَّرِ بَيۡنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ لَأَيَـٰتٍ۬ لِّقَوۡمٍ۬ يَعۡقِلُونَ ﴾
(Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, and the ships which sail through the sea with that which is of use to mankind, and the water which Allah sends down from the sky and makes the earth alive therewith after its death, and the moving creatures of all kinds that He has spread therein, and in the veering of winds and clouds which are held between the sky and the earth, are indeed signs for people of understanding.) (2:164)
(6. These are the Ayat of Allah, which We recite to you with truth. Then in which speech after Allah and His Ayat will they believe) (7. Woe to every sinful liar.) (8. Who hears the Ayat of Allah Tutla (recited) to him, yet persists with pride as if he heard them not. So announce to him a painful torment!) (9. And when he learns something of Our Ayat, he makes them a jest. For such there will be a humiliating torment.) (10. In front of them there is Hell. And that which they have earned will be of no profit to them, nor those whom they have taken as protective friends besides Allah. And theirs will be a great torment.) (11. This is guidance. And those who disbelieve in the Ayat of their Lord, for them there is a painful torment of Rijz.)
THE DESCRIPTION OF THE SINFUL LIAR AND HIS REQUITAL
Allah the Exalted says,
﴿ تِلۡكَ ءَايَـٰتُ ٱللَّهِ ﴾
(These are the Ayat of Allah) -- in reference to the Qur'an with the proofs and evidences that it contains,
﴿ نَتۡلُوهَا عَلَيۡكَ بِٱلۡحَقِّۖ ﴾
(which We recite to you with truth.) for they contain the truth from the Truth (i.e., Allah). Therefore, if they do not believe in Allah's Ayat nor abide by them, what speech after Allah and His Ayat will they then believe in Allah said next,
﴿ وَيۡلٌ۬ لِّكُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ۬ ﴾
(Woe to every sinful liar.) who lies in his speech, often swears, who is worthless, commits and utters sinful acts and statements, and disbelieves in Allah's Ayat,
﴿ يَسۡمَعُ ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِ ﴾
(Who hears the Ayat of Allah Tutla (recited) to him,) meaning, being recited to him,
﴿ ثُمَّ يُصِرُّ ﴾
(yet persists) in his disbelief, denial, pride and rebellion,
﴿ كَأَن لَّمۡ يَسۡمَعۡهَاۖ ﴾
(as if he heard them not. ) as if he did not hear them being recited to him,
﴿ فَبَشِّرۡهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ۬ ﴾
(So announce to him a painful torment!) convey the news to him that on the Day of Resurrection, he will have a painful, severe torment from Allah. Allah said,
﴿ وَإِذَا عَلِمَ مِنۡ ءَايَـٰتِنَا شَيۡـًٔا ٱتَّخَذَهَا هُزُوًاۚ ﴾
(And when he learns something of Our Ayat, he makes them a jest.) if he learns anything from the Qur'an, he disbelieves in it and takes it as the subject of jest and ridicule,
﴿ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ۬ مُّهِينٌ۬ ﴾
(For such there will be a humiliating torment.) as recompense for ridiculing the Qur'an and jesting about it. In the Sahih, Muslim recorded from `Abdullah bin `Umar that the Messenger of Allah prohibited traveling with the Qur'an to enemy lands for fear that the Qur'an might be desecrated by the enemy. Allah explained the type of torment that these people earn on the Day of Return;
﴿ مِّن وَرَآٮِٕهِمۡ جَهَنَّمُۖ ﴾
(In front of them there is Hell.) meaning, all those who have these evil characteristics will end up in Hellfire on the Day of Resurrection,
﴿ وَلَا يُغۡنِى عَنۡہُم مَّا كَسَبُواْ شَيۡـًٔ۬ا ﴾
(And that which they have earned will be of no profit to them,) their wealth and children will not avail them,
﴿ وَلَا مَا ٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَوۡلِيَآءَۖ ﴾
(nor those whom they have taken as protecting friends besides Allah.) nor will the false gods that they worshipped besides Allah benefit them in the least,
﴿ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ ﴾
(And theirs will be a great torment.) Allah the Exalted said,
﴿ هَـٰذَا هُدً۬ىۖ ﴾
(This is Huda (guidance).) in reference to the Qur'an,
﴿ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ رَبِّہِمۡ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ۬ مِّن رِّجۡزٍ أَلِيمٌ ﴾
(And those who disbelieve in the Ayat of their Lord, for them there is a painful torment of Rijz.) that is agonizing and severe. Allah knows best.
(12. Allah, it is He Who has subjected to you the sea, that ships may sail through it by His command, and that you may seek of His bounty, and that you may be thankful.) (13. And has subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth; it is all (as a favor and kindness) from Him. Verily, in it are signs for a people who think deeply.) (14. Say to the believers to forgive those who hope not for the Days of Allah, that He may recompense people, according to what they have earned.) (15. Whosoever does a good deed, it is for himself, and whosoever does evil, it is against (himself). Then to your Lord you will be made to return.)
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